新概念英语第一册语法总结：动词的变化(二年级)

新概念英语第一册语法总结：动词的变化（二年级） 主格 I we you you she/he/it they 宾格 me us you you her/him/it them 代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 动词现在时 Am are are are is are be 动词过去时 was were were were was were 2）名词的复数 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则 1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 规则 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 规则 3 以 o 结尾+s 或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 规则 4 以 f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 规则 5 以辅音字母+y 结尾， 变 y 为 i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies 3）动词的第三人称单数形式 规则 1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 规则 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 和 o 结尾+es e.g. do-does, catchcatches 规则 3 以辅音字母+y 结尾， 变 y 为 i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies 4）动词现在分词 规则 1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing 规则 2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去 e 加-ing e.g. makemaking, take-taking, arrive-arriving 规则 3 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后 紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5）动词过去式 规则动词变化 规则 1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played 规则 2 以 e 结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived 规则 3 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed cry-cried, carrycarried 规则 4 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后 紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 过去式的读音 在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated 6）形容词和副词的比较级和级 比较级 规则 1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher 规则 2 以 e 结尾加-r nice-nicer 规则 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加-er busy-busier 规则 4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter 级 规则 1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest 规则 2 以 e 结尾加-st nice-nicest 规则 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加-est busy-busiest 规则 4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest 7）常见缩写： is='s I am=I'm are='re is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a：nt/ do not=don't does not=doesn't was='s did not=didn't can not=can't have='ve has='s have not=haven't has not=hasn't will='ll will not=won't shall not=shan't